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  • SQL Complex Queries , Query Optimization and Interview Questions SQL Server 2016

    Script used:

    --Over operator

    SELECT row_number() over(ORDER BY prod.productid) rownum, cat.CategoryName ,
                                                              prod.ProductName
    FROM Categories cat
    INNER JOIN products prod ON cat.CategoryID=prod.CategoryID

    SELECT  ROW_NUMBER() over(PARTITION BY cat.categoryid ORDER BY prod.productid) ProductWiseRowNum,
    row_number() over(ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) rownum, cat.CategoryName,prod.ProductName
    FROM Categories cat
    INNER JOIN products prod ON cat.CategoryID=prod.CategoryID


    SELECT dense_rank() over(ORDER BY cat.categoryid) CategoryWiseRowNum,
                        cat.CategoryName,
                        ROW_NUMBER() over(PARTITION BY cat.categoryid
                                          ORDER BY prod.productid) ProductWiseRowNum,
                                     prod.ProductName
    FROM Categories cat
    INNER JOIN products prod ON cat.CategoryID=prod.CategoryID

    SELECT prod.ProductName,
           sum(ord.Quantity*ord.UnitPrice) [TotalAmout]
    FROM [Order Details] ord
    INNER JOIN Products prod ON ord.ProductID=prod.ProductID
    GROUP BY prod.ProductName 

    --Running totals - Aggregation with Over Operator - 2012

    SELECT productname,
           TotalAmout,
           sum([TotalAmout]) OVER(ORDER BY productname) AS RunningTotal
    FROM
      (SELECT prod.ProductName,
              sum(ord.Quantity*ord.UnitPrice) [TotalAmout]
       FROM [Order Details] ord
       INNER JOIN Products prod ON ord.ProductID=prod.ProductID
       GROUP BY prod.ProductName) t

    SELECT cat.CategoryName,
           productname,
           TotalAmout,
           sum([TotalAmout]) over(PARTITION BY cat.categoryid
                                  ORDER BY productname) AS RunningTotal
    FROM
      (SELECT prod.CategoryID,
              prod.ProductName,
              sum(ord.Quantity*ord.UnitPrice) [TotalAmout]
       FROM [Order Details] ord
       INNER JOIN Products prod ON ord.ProductID=prod.ProductID
       GROUP BY prod.ProductName,
                prod.CategoryID) t
    INNER JOIN Categories cat ON t.CategoryID=cat.CategoryID

    --Lead and Lag
    SELECT cust.CustomerID,
           cust.CompanyName,
           ord.OrderDate,
           LEAD(ord.OrderDate) over(PARTITION BY cust.companyname
                                    ORDER BY ord.orderdate) [NextOrderDate],
           LAG(ord.OrderDate) over(PARTITION BY cust.companyname
                                    ORDER BY ord.orderdate) [PreviousOrderDate]
    FROM orders ord
    INNER JOIN Customers cust ON ord.CustomerID=cust.CustomerID 

    WITH CTE AS
      (SELECT cust.CustomerID,
              cust.CompanyName,
              ord.OrderDate,
              LEAD(ord.OrderDate) over(PARTITION BY cust.companyname
                                       ORDER BY ord.orderdate) [NextOrderDate],
                                  LAG(ord.OrderDate) over(PARTITION BY cust.companyname
                                                          ORDER BY ord.orderdate) [PreviousOrderDate]
       FROM orders ord
       INNER JOIN Customers cust ON ord.CustomerID=cust.CustomerID)
    SELECT CustomerID,
           CompanyName,
           ISNULL(DATEDIFF(dd,OrderDate,isnull(NextOrderDate,OrderDate)),0) [NextDateDifference],
           ISNULL(DATEDIFF(dd,isnull(PreviousOrderDate,OrderDate),OrderDate),0) [PreviousDateDifference],
           OrderDate,
           NextOrderDate,
           PreviousOrderDate
    FROM CTE
     --select DATEDIFF(dd,'1997-08-25 00:00:00.000','1997-10-03 00:00:00.000')

     --Paging
    DECLARE @PageNumber int=3 DECLARE @PageSize int=10 DECLARE @StartPage int,@EndPage int
    SET @StartPage=@PageNumber*@PageSize-@PageSize+1
    SET @EndPage=@PageNumber*@PageSize

    SELECT *
    FROM
      (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() Over(ORDER BY ord.orderid) AS RowNum,*
       FROM orders ord) t
    WHERE t.RowNum BETWEEN @StartPage AND @EndPage

    SELECT @StartPage,@EndPage


    DECLARE @PageNumber int=3 DECLARE @PageSize int=10 DECLARE @StartPage int,@EndPage int
    SET @StartPage=@PageNumber*@PageSize-@PageSize+1
    SET @EndPage=@PageNumber*@PageSize

    SELECT *
    FROM
      (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() Over(ORDER BY(SELECT 1)) AS RowNum,*
       FROM orders ord) t
    WHERE t.RowNum BETWEEN @StartPage AND @EndPage

    SELECT *
       FROM orders ord
     ORDER BY ord.orderid
    OFFSET 20 ROWS
    FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY

    DECLARE @PageNumber int=3 DECLARE @PageSize int=10 DECLARE @StartPage int,@EndPage int
    SET @StartPage=@PageNumber*@PageSize-@PageSize+1
    SET @EndPage=@PageNumber*@PageSize
    SELECT *
       FROM orders ord
     ORDER BY ord.orderid
    OFFSET @PageNumber*@PageSize-@PageSize ROWS
    FETCH NEXT @PageNumber*@PageSize ROWS ONLY


    --First_value and Last_Value
    SELECT cust.CustomerID,
           cust.CompanyName,
           ord.OrderDate,
           First_Value(ord.OrderDate) over(PARTITION BY cust.companyname
                                    ORDER BY (select 1)) [FirstOrderDate],
           Last_Value(ord.OrderDate) over(PARTITION BY cust.companyname
                                    ORDER BY (select 1)) [LastOrderDate]
    FROM orders ord
    INNER JOIN Customers cust ON ord.CustomerID=cust.CustomerID 


    WITH CTE AS
      (SELECT cust.CustomerID,
              cust.CompanyName,
              ord.OrderDate,
              LEAD(ord.OrderDate) over(PARTITION BY cust.companyname
                                       ORDER BY ord.orderdate) [NextOrderDate],
                                  LAG(ord.OrderDate) over(PARTITION BY cust.companyname
                                                          ORDER BY ord.orderdate) [PreviousOrderDate]
       FROM orders ord
       INNER JOIN Customers cust ON ord.CustomerID=cust.CustomerID)
    ,
    CTE2
    AS(
    SELECT CustomerID,CompanyName,AVG(NextDateDifference) [AvgDiff] 
    ,IIF(AVG(NextDateDifference)<30,'1',IIF(AVG(NextDateDifference)>=30 and AVG(NextDateDifference)<90,'2',
    IIF(AVG(NextDateDifference)>=90,'3','4'))) AS [Tag]
     FROM (SELECT CustomerID,
           CompanyName,
           ISNULL(DATEDIFF(dd,OrderDate,isnull(NextOrderDate,OrderDate)),0) [NextDateDifference],
           ISNULL(DATEDIFF(dd,isnull(PreviousOrderDate,OrderDate),OrderDate),0) [PreviousDateDifference],
           OrderDate,
           NextOrderDate,
           PreviousOrderDate FROM CTE) t
    GROUP BY CustomerID,CompanyName

    SELECT customerid,CompanyName,AvgDiff,
    CHOOSE([Tag],'Important','Recommended','Normal','Ignore') [Flag]
     from CTE2


     select iif(1=2,'a','b')
     select choose(3,'hello','friend','ghost')
     declare @var1 varchar(10),@var2 varchar(10)
     set @var1='Best'
     set @var2=null
     select @var1 + ' ' + @var2,concat(@var1,' ',@var2)


     --Complex Match Join
     SELECT * INTO #CITY FROM 
    (
    SELECT 1 AS ID,'ind'  CITY
    UNION ALL
    SELECT 2 AS ID,'aus'  CITY
    UNION ALL
    SELECT 3 AS ID,'sri'  CITY
    UNION ALL
    SELECT 4 AS ID,'Eng'  CITY
    )VW

    select * from #CITY

    SELECT c.id fromid,c.city fromcity,c1.id toid,c1.city tocity
    INTO #team
    FROM #CITY c
    INNER JOIN #CITY c1 ON c.id <> c1.id

    select * from #team

    SELECT c.* FROM #team c
    INNER JOIN #team c1 ON c.fromid = c1.toid AND c.toid = c1.fromid AND c1.fromid <=c1.toid
    ORDER BY c.tocity

    drop table #CITY
    drop table #team

    --Second Highest Salary
    declare @n int;
    set @n=2;
    Select e1.*
    from Employee e1 where (@n-1)=(Select COUNT(distinct salary) from Employee e2 where e2.Salary>e1.Salary);

    --Second Highest Salary Department Wise
    ;WITH DepartmentWiseSalary AS
    (
        SELECT    *,DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY Department ORDER BY Salary DESC) AS RowNum
        FROM    Employee
    )
    SELECT    * 
    FROM    DepartmentWiseSalary
    WHERE    RowNum = 2;

    --Getting All Level Child
    ;WITH cteEmployee (EmpId, FirstName, LastName, ManagerID, Level)
    AS
    (
        SELECT    EmpId, FirstName, LastName, ManagerID, 0 AS Level
        FROM    Employee 
        WHERE    ManagerID = 2
        
        UNION ALL
        
        SELECT    e.EmpId, e.FirstName, e.LastName, e.ManagerID, Level + 1
        FROM    Employee e
                INNER JOIN cteEmployee AS d ON e.ManagerID = d.EmpId
    )
    SELECT    EmpId, FirstName, LastName, ManagerID,Level
    FROM    cteEmployee;


    --Finding Duplicates Record
    WITH CTE
    AS
    (
    SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY (Select 1)) [RowNum],* FROM EMPLOYEE
    )
    SELECT * FROM CTE c1
    WHERE
    1<(SELECT count(c2.RowNum) FROM CTE c2 WHERE c1.EmpId=c2.EmpId)


    --PIVOT Count of employee joining as per YEAR
    SELECT    *
    FROM    
            (
              SELECT    Department,
                        YEAR(DOJ) AS [Year],
                        COUNT(EmpId) AS [EmployeeCount]
              FROM        Employee
              GROUP BY    Department, YEAR(DOJ)
            ) TT
            PIVOT 
            (
                  SUM([EmployeeCount])
                  FOR [Year] IN ([2006],[2007],[2008],[2009],[2010],[2011])
            ) PT

    --Count SPACE
    DECLARE     @strName VARCHAR(1000)
    SET        @strName = ' White Space is where the world and all distraction falls away '
    PRINT        (LEN(@strName) - LEN(REPLACE(@strName, ' ', '')))
    PRINT        (DATALENGTH(@strName) - DATALENGTH(REPLACE(@strName, ' ', '')))


    --Optimize Below Query
    SELECT        * 
    FROM        Student AS S
    WHERE        DOB IN
                (
                    SELECT        MAX(DOB)
                    FROM        Student sp
                    WHERE        YEAR(S.DOB) = YEAR(sp.DOB)
                    GROUP BY    YEAR(sp.DOB)
                ) 
    ORDER BY    DOB

    --Optimized Query
    WITH CTE
    AS
    (
    SELECT        YEAR(DOB) [Year],max(DOB) [DOB]
                    FROM        Student sp
                    GROUP BY YEAR(DOB)
    )
    SELECT        * 
    FROM        Student AS S
    join CTE ON        s.DOB =CTE.DOB
            

    Download Backup and Script

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